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Problem looks like:
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Possible cause
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Controls or treatments
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Low fruit yield, small fruit with poor taste
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Uneven Moisture
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Water properly during dry periods
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Poor soil fertility
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Add compost, manures
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improper temperature
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Plant at the correct time of year
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Plants grow slowly and have light green leaves
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not enough light
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Thin the plants, don't plant in the shade
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weather too cool
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protect with floating row covers, cloaches
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improper pH
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Test the pH; if alkaline, add soil sulfur, aluminum sulfate, peat moss
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excess water
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Don't over water; improve drainage with amendments or plant in raised beds
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Seedlings do not emerge
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not enough soil moisture
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Supply enough water; multiple applications may be needed in hot or windy conditions
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soil crusting
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apply light layer of fine mulch; keep moist as above.
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damping-off
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don't over water; avoid spraying water on plants; plant treated seed
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improper planting depth
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follow packet instruction; use gentle watering techniques
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slow germination due to weather
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Cover beds in spring and fall to warm the soil (see note)
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root maggots
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Use floating row covers to exclude insects; registered soil insecticide as last resort.
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old seed
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Use seed marked for current year and season
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Seedling wilt and fall over
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soil too dry
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Water properly
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damping-off (a fungus)
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Don't over-water or water from above; use sterile soil-less mix; use fungicide
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cutworms
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Destroy crop residues; keep weed free, hand-pick a night with flashlight
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root maggots
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Use floating row covers for exclusion; soil insecticide
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old seed
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Use seed for current season
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chewed seedlings, plants, fruit
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birds, rodents, rabbits
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Fence garden or beds, floating row covers, wire mesh, netting
(or accept it and plant an additional row to share)
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leaves covered with tiny white spots
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spider mites
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Use insecticidal soaps; registered miticides are available
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air pollution
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Rinse off leaves
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wilted plants
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rot rot (fungal disease)
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Don't over water; remove affected plant materials; rotate your crops
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Vascular wilt - found primarily in tomato, potato, eggplant and peppers
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Plant resistant varieties; solarize the soil; rotate to other crops.
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root knot nematodes
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Plant resistant varieties; solarize the soil; rotate to other crops
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other root-feeding nematodes
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Solarize soil; have the soil analyzed for nematodes if problem persists.
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water-logged soil
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Improve drainage; use raised beds; correct watering practices.
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yellow leaves, but not wilted
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lack of one or more nutrients
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Test soil; treat for deficiencies. This may include adjusting the pH
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Not enough light
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Thin crowded plants
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Move to sunnier location
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brown, shriveled leaf edges
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soil is too dry
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Correct watering practices
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salt water damage
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Spa water can contain enogh salts to burn foliage. leak any areas where spas drain,
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Chemical fertilizer burn
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Same as above - bagged fertilizers are concentrated salts. Wash these deeply into the soil to avoid concentrations.
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Potassium deficiency
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Test soil first. Add compost, manure or other potassium bearing fertilizer
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Cold burn
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Floating row covers trap the soils heat and cn protect from frost
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White powdery growth on top of leaves
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Powdery Mildew, a fungus
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Some varieties are listed as resistant. Treat infected plants with Safer's sulfur and a surfactant.
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Leaves have spotted or mosaic-like discolored patterns, puckered leaves, runty plants
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Various virus diseases
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Remove infected plant materials - do not compost them Remove and compost nin-infect plant materials, control weeds, insects (See IPM listing in resources page)
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Curled, pucked, distorted leaves
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Herbicide injury
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Herbicides drift on the slightest breeze. Be careful of neighbors dispensing herbicides upwind of you.
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Virus diseases
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Remove infect plant materials - do not compost it. Remove and compost non-infected plant materials, control weeds, insects (See IPM listing in resources page)
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aphids
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Soap-based sprays, dormant oil sprays - but only in heavily infested areas. Leave some areas untreated to act as a host crop for predatory insects. Control ants (they farm the aphids for their honeydew)
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