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Plant Symptoms and Causes

California's soil is generally rich in minerals plants need. Unhealthy looking plants show similar signs to common diseases, no matter what soil they grow in. Here are some common signs and their causes.

 Problem looks like:

Possible cause

Controls or treatments

 Low fruit yield, small fruit with poor taste

Uneven Moisture

 Water properly during dry periods

 

 Poor soil fertility

Add compost, manures
 

 improper temperature

 Plant at the correct time of year

 
 
 

 Plants grow slowly and have light green leaves

 not enough light

Thin the plants, don't plant in the shade

 
 weather too cool

 protect with floating row covers, cloaches

 
 improper pH

 Test the pH; if alkaline, add soil sulfur, aluminum sulfate, peat moss

 
 excess water

Don't over water; improve drainage with amendments or plant in raised beds

 
 
 

 Seedlings do not emerge

 not enough soil moisture

 Supply enough water; multiple applications may be needed in hot or windy conditions

 
 soil crusting

 apply light layer of fine mulch; keep moist as above.

 
 damping-off

 don't over water; avoid spraying water on plants; plant treated seed

 

 improper planting depth

 follow packet instruction; use gentle watering techniques

 

 slow germination due to weather

 Cover beds in spring and fall to warm the soil (see note)

 
 root maggots

 Use floating row covers to exclude insects; registered soil insecticide as last resort.

 
 old seed

 Use seed marked for current year and season

 
 
 

 Seedling wilt and fall over

 soil too dry
 Water properly
 

 damping-off (a fungus)

 Don't over-water or water from above; use sterile soil-less mix; use fungicide

 
 cutworms

 Destroy crop residues; keep weed free, hand-pick a night with flashlight

 
 root maggots

 Use floating row covers for exclusion; soil insecticide

 
 old seed

 Use seed for current season

 
 
 

 chewed seedlings, plants, fruit

 birds, rodents, rabbits

 Fence garden or beds, floating row covers, wire mesh, netting
(or accept it and plant an additional row to share)

 
 
 

 leaves covered with tiny white spots

 spider mites

 Use insecticidal soaps; registered miticides are available

 
 air pollution
 Rinse off leaves
 
 
 
 wilted plants

 rot rot (fungal disease)

 Don't over water; remove affected plant materials; rotate your crops

 

 Vascular wilt - found primarily in tomato, potato, eggplant and peppers

 Plant resistant varieties; solarize the soil; rotate to other crops.

 

 root knot nematodes

 Plant resistant varieties; solarize the soil; rotate to other crops

 

 other root-feeding nematodes

 Solarize soil; have the soil analyzed for nematodes if problem persists.

 

 water-logged soil

 Improve drainage; use raised beds; correct watering practices.

 
 
 

 yellow leaves, but not wilted

 lack of one or more nutrients

 Test soil; treat for deficiencies. This may include adjusting the pH

 
 Not enough light

 Thin crowded plants

 
 

 Move to sunnier location

 
 
 

 brown, shriveled leaf edges

 soil is too dry

 Correct watering practices

 

 salt water damage

 Spa water can contain enogh salts to burn foliage. leak any areas where spas drain,

 

 Chemical fertilizer burn

 Same as above - bagged fertilizers are concentrated salts. Wash these deeply into the soil to avoid concentrations.

 

 Potassium deficiency

 Test soil first. Add compost, manure or other potassium bearing fertilizer

 
 Cold burn

 Floating row covers trap the soils heat and cn protect from frost

 
 
 

 White powdery growth on top of leaves

 Powdery Mildew, a fungus

 Some varieties are listed as resistant. Treat infected plants with Safer's sulfur and a surfactant.

 
 
 

 Leaves have spotted or mosaic-like discolored patterns, puckered leaves, runty plants

 Various virus diseases

Remove infected plant materials - do not compost them Remove and compost nin-infect plant materials, control weeds, insects (See IPM listing in resources page)

 
 
 

 Curled, pucked, distorted leaves

 Herbicide injury

 Herbicides drift on the slightest breeze. Be careful of neighbors dispensing herbicides upwind of you.

 
 Virus diseases

Remove infect plant materials - do not compost it. Remove and compost non-infected plant materials, control weeds, insects (See IPM listing in resources page)

 
 aphids

Soap-based sprays, dormant oil sprays - but only in heavily infested areas. Leave some areas untreated to act as a host crop for predatory insects. Control ants (they farm the aphids for their honeydew)

 
 
 
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